# Copyright 2015 The TensorFlow Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
"""Logging and Summary Operations."""
# pylint: disable=protected-access
import collections as py_collections
import os
import pprint
import random
import sys
from absl import logging
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tfe
from tensorflow.python.framework import dtypes
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tensorflow.python.framework import sparse_tensor
from tensorflow.python.framework import tensor_util
from tensorflow.python.ops import gen_logging_ops
from tensorflow.python.ops import string_ops
# go/tf-wildcard-import
# pylint: disable=wildcard-import
from tensorflow.python.ops.gen_logging_ops import *
# pylint: enable=wildcard-import
from tensorflow.python.platform import tf_logging
from tensorflow.python.util import dispatch
from tensorflow.python.util import nest
from tensorflow.python.util.deprecation import deprecated
from tensorflow.python.util.tf_export import tf_export
def enable_interactive_logging():
pywrap_tfe.TFE_Py_EnableInteractivePythonLogging()
# Register printing to the cell output if we are in a Colab or Jupyter Notebook.
try:
get_ipython() # Exists in an ipython env like Jupyter or Colab
enable_interactive_logging()
except NameError:
pass
# The python wrapper for Assert is in control_flow_ops, as the Assert
# call relies on certain conditionals for its dependencies. Use
# control_flow_ops.Assert.
# Assert and Print are special symbols in Python 2, so we must
# have an upper-case version of them. When support for it is dropped,
# we can allow lowercase.
# See https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/18053
# pylint: disable=invalid-name
@deprecated("2018-08-20", "Use tf.print instead of tf.Print. Note that "
"tf.print returns a no-output operator that directly "
"prints the output. Outside of defuns or eager mode, "
"this operator will not be executed unless it is "
"directly specified in session.run or used as a "
"control dependency for other operators. This is "
"only a concern in graph mode. Below is an example "
"of how to ensure tf.print executes in graph mode:\n")
@tf_export(v1=["Print"])
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def Print(input_, data, message=None, first_n=None, summarize=None, name=None):
"""Prints a list of tensors.
This is an identity op (behaves like `tf.identity`) with the side effect
of printing `data` when evaluating.
Note: This op prints to the standard error. It is not currently compatible
with jupyter notebook (printing to the notebook *server's* output, not into
the notebook).
@compatibility(TF2)
This API is deprecated. Use `tf.print` instead. `tf.print` does not need the
`input_` argument.
`tf.print` works in TF2 when executing eagerly and inside a `tf.function`.
In TF1-styled sessions, an explicit control dependency declaration is needed
to execute the `tf.print` operation. Refer to the documentation of
`tf.print` for more details.
@end_compatibility
Args:
input_: A tensor passed through this op.
data: A list of tensors to print out when op is evaluated.
message: A string, prefix of the error message.
first_n: Only log `first_n` number of times. Negative numbers log always;
this is the default.
summarize: Only print this many entries of each tensor. If None, then a
maximum of 3 elements are printed per input tensor.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A `Tensor`. Has the same type and contents as `input_`.
```python
sess = tf.compat.v1.Session()
with sess.as_default():
tensor = tf.range(10)
print_op = tf.print(tensor)
with tf.control_dependencies([print_op]):
out = tf.add(tensor, tensor)
sess.run(out)
```
"""
return gen_logging_ops._print(input_, data, message, first_n, summarize, name)
# pylint: enable=invalid-name
def _generate_placeholder_string(x, default_placeholder="{}"):
"""Generate and return a string that does not appear in `x`."""
placeholder = default_placeholder
rng = random.Random(5)
while placeholder in x:
placeholder = placeholder + str(rng.randint(0, 9))
return placeholder
def _is_filepath(output_stream):
"""Returns True if output_stream is a file path."""
return isinstance(output_stream, str) and output_stream.startswith("file://")
# Temporarily disable pylint g-doc-args error to allow giving more context
# about what the kwargs are.
# Because we are using arbitrary-length positional arguments, python 2
# does not support explicitly specifying the keyword arguments in the
# function definition.
# pylint: disable=g-doc-args
@tf_export("print")
@dispatch.add_dispatch_support
def print_v2(*inputs, **kwargs):
"""Print the specified inputs.
A TensorFlow operator that prints the specified inputs to a desired
output stream or logging level. The inputs may be dense or sparse Tensors,
primitive python objects, data structures that contain tensors, and printable
Python objects. Printed tensors will recursively show the first and last
elements of each dimension to summarize.
Example:
Single-input usage:
```python
tensor = tf.range(10)
tf.print(tensor, output_stream=sys.stderr)
```
(This prints "[0 1 2 ... 7 8 9]" to sys.stderr)
Multi-input usage:
```python
tensor = tf.range(10)
tf.print("tensors:", tensor, {2: tensor * 2}, output_stream=sys.stdout)
```
(This prints "tensors: [0 1 2 ... 7 8 9] {2: [0 2 4 ... 14 16 18]}" to
sys.stdout)
Changing the input separator:
```python
tensor_a = tf.range(2)
tensor_b = tensor_a * 2
tf.print(tensor_a, tensor_b, output_stream=sys.stderr, sep=',')
```
(This prints "[0 1],[0 2]" to sys.stderr)
Usage in a `tf.function`:
```python
@tf.function
def f():
tensor = tf.range(10)
tf.print(tensor, output_stream=sys.stderr)
return tensor
range_tensor = f()
```
(This prints "[0 1 2 ... 7 8 9]" to sys.stderr)
*Compatibility usage in TF 1.x graphs*:
In graphs manually created outside of `tf.function`, this method returns
the created TF operator that prints the data. To make sure the
operator runs, users need to pass the produced op to
`tf.compat.v1.Session`'s run method, or to use the op as a control
dependency for executed ops by specifying
`with tf.compat.v1.control_dependencies([print_op])`.
```python
tf.compat.v1.disable_v2_behavior() # for TF1 compatibility only
sess = tf.compat.v1.Session()
with sess.as_default():
tensor = tf.range(10)
print_op = tf.print("tensors:", tensor, {2: tensor * 2},
output_stream=sys.stdout)
with tf.control_dependencies([print_op]):
tripled_tensor = tensor * 3
sess.run(tripled_tensor)
```
(This prints "tensors: [0 1 2 ... 7 8 9] {2: [0 2 4 ... 14 16 18]}" to
sys.stdout)
Note: In Jupyter notebooks and colabs, `tf.print` prints to the notebook
cell outputs. It will not write to the notebook kernel's console logs.
Args:
*inputs: Positional arguments that are the inputs to print. Inputs in the
printed output will be separated by spaces. Inputs may be python
primitives, tensors, data structures such as dicts and lists that may
contain tensors (with the data structures possibly nested in arbitrary
ways), and printable python objects.
output_stream: The output stream, logging level, or file to print to.
Defaults to sys.stderr, but sys.stdout, tf.compat.v1.logging.info,
tf.compat.v1.logging.warning, tf.compat.v1.logging.error,
absl.logging.info, absl.logging.warning and absl.logging.error are also
supported. To print to a file, pass a string started with "file://"
followed by the file path, e.g., "file:///tmp/foo.out".
summarize: The first and last `summarize` elements within each dimension are
recursively printed per Tensor. If None, then the first 3 and last 3
elements of each dimension are printed for each tensor. If set to -1, it
will print all elements of every tensor.
sep: The string to use to separate the inputs. Defaults to " ".
end: End character that is appended at the end the printed string. Defaults
to the newline character.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
None when executing eagerly. During graph tracing this returns
a TF operator that prints the specified inputs in the specified output
stream or logging level. This operator will be automatically executed
except inside of `tf.compat.v1` graphs and sessions.
Raises:
ValueError: If an unsupported output stream is specified.
"""
# Because we are using arbitrary-length positional arguments, python 2
# does not support explicitly specifying the keyword arguments in the
# function definition. So, we manually get the keyword arguments w/ default
# values here.
output_stream = kwargs.pop("output_stream", sys.stderr)
name = kwargs.pop("name", None)
summarize = kwargs.pop("summarize", 3)
sep = kwargs.pop("sep", " ")
end = kwargs.pop("end", os.linesep)
if kwargs:
raise ValueError("Unrecognized keyword arguments for tf.print: %s" % kwargs)
format_name = None
if name:
format_name = name + "_format"
# Match the C++ string constants representing the different output streams.
# Keep this updated!
output_stream_to_constant = {
sys.stdout: "stdout",
sys.stderr: "stderr",
tf_logging.INFO: "log(info)",
tf_logging.info: "log(info)",
tf_logging.WARN: "log(warning)",
tf_logging.warning: "log(warning)",
tf_logging.warn: "log(warning)",
tf_logging.ERROR: "log(error)",
tf_logging.error: "log(error)",
logging.INFO: "log(info)",
logging.info: "log(info)",
logging.INFO: "log(info)",
logging.WARNING: "log(warning)",
logging.WARN: "log(warning)",
logging.warning: "log(warning)",
logging.warn: "log(warning)",
logging.ERROR: "log(error)",
logging.error: "log(error)",
}
if _is_filepath(output_stream):
output_stream_string = output_stream
else:
output_stream_string = output_stream_to_constant.get(output_stream)
if not output_stream_string:
raise ValueError("Unsupported output stream, logging level, or file." +
str(output_stream) +
". Supported streams are sys.stdout, "
"sys.stderr, tf.logging.info, "
"tf.logging.warning, tf.logging.error. " +
"File needs to be in the form of 'file://<filepath>'.")
# If we are only printing a single string scalar, there is no need to format
if (len(inputs) == 1 and tensor_util.is_tf_type(inputs[0]) and
(not isinstance(inputs[0], sparse_tensor.SparseTensor)) and
(inputs[0].shape.ndims == 0) and (inputs[0].dtype == dtypes.string)):
formatted_string = inputs[0]
# Otherwise, we construct an appropriate template for the tensors we are
# printing, and format the template using those tensors.
else:
# For each input to this print function, we extract any nested tensors,
# and construct an appropriate template to format representing the
# printed input.
templates = []
tensors = []
# If an input to the print function is of type `OrderedDict`, sort its
# elements by the keys for consistency with the ordering of `nest.flatten`.
# This is not needed for `dict` types because `pprint.pformat()` takes care
# of printing the template in a sorted fashion.
inputs_ordered_dicts_sorted = []
for input_ in inputs:
if isinstance(input_, py_collections.OrderedDict):
inputs_ordered_dicts_sorted.append(
py_collections.OrderedDict(sorted(input_.items())))
else:
inputs_ordered_dicts_sorted.append(input_)
tensor_free_structure = nest.map_structure(
lambda x: "" if tensor_util.is_tf_type(x) else x,
inputs_ordered_dicts_sorted)
tensor_free_template = " ".join(
pprint.pformat(x) for x in tensor_free_structure)
placeholder = _generate_placeholder_string(tensor_free_template)
for input_ in inputs:
placeholders = []
# Use the nest utilities to flatten & process any nested elements in this
# input. The placeholder for a tensor in the template should be the
# placeholder string, and the placeholder for a non-tensor can just be
# the printed value of the non-tensor itself.
for x in nest.flatten(input_):
# support sparse tensors
if isinstance(x, sparse_tensor.SparseTensor):
tensors.extend([x.indices, x.values, x.dense_shape])
placeholders.append(
"SparseTensor(indices={}, values={}, shape={})".format(
placeholder, placeholder, placeholder))
elif tensor_util.is_tf_type(x):
tensors.append(x)
placeholders.append(placeholder)
else:
placeholders.append(x)
if isinstance(input_, str):
# If the current input to format/print is a normal string, that string
# can act as the template.
cur_template = input_
else:
# We pack the placeholders into a data structure that matches the
# input data structure format, then format that data structure
# into a string template.
#
# NOTE: We must use pprint.pformat here for building the template for
# unordered data structures such as `dict`, because `str` doesn't
# guarantee orderings, while pprint prints in sorted order. pprint
# will match the ordering of `nest.flatten`.
# This even works when nest.flatten reorders OrderedDicts, because
# pprint is printing *after* the OrderedDicts have been reordered.
cur_template = pprint.pformat(
nest.pack_sequence_as(input_, placeholders))
templates.append(cur_template)
# We join the templates for the various inputs into a single larger
# template. We also remove all quotes surrounding the placeholders, so that
# the formatted/printed output will not contain quotes around tensors.
# (example of where these quotes might appear: if we have added a
# placeholder string into a list, then pretty-formatted that list)
template = sep.join(templates)
template = template.replace("'" + placeholder + "'", placeholder)
formatted_string = string_ops.string_format(
inputs=tensors,
template=template,
placeholder=placeholder,
summarize=summarize,
name=format_name)
return gen_logging_ops.print_v2(
formatted_string, output_stream=output_stream_string, name=name, end=end)
# pylint: enable=g-doc-args
@ops.RegisterGradient("Print")
def _PrintGrad(op, *grad):
return list(grad) + [None] * (len(op.inputs) - 1)
def _Collect(val, collections, default_collections):
if collections is None:
collections = default_collections
for key in collections:
ops.add_to_collection(key, val)
@deprecated(
"2016-11-30", "Please switch to tf.summary.histogram. Note that "
"tf.summary.histogram uses the node name instead of the tag. "
"This means that TensorFlow will automatically de-duplicate summary "
"names based on the scope they are created in.")
def histogram_summary(tag, values, collections=None, name=None):
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
"""Outputs a `Summary` protocol buffer with a histogram.
This ops is deprecated. Please switch to tf.summary.histogram.
For an explanation of why this op was deprecated, and information on how to
migrate, look
['here'](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/contrib/deprecated/__init__.py)
The generated
[`Summary`](https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/core/framework/summary.proto)
has one summary value containing a histogram for `values`.
This op reports an `InvalidArgument` error if any value is not finite.
Args:
tag: A `string` `Tensor`. 0-D. Tag to use for the summary value.
values: A real numeric `Tensor`. Any shape. Values to use to build the
histogram.
collections: Optional list of graph collections keys. The new summary op is
added to these collections. Defaults to `[GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. The serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "HistogramSummary", [tag, values]) as scope:
val = gen_logging_ops.histogram_summary(tag=tag, values=values, name=scope)
_Collect(val, collections, [ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES])
return val
@deprecated(
"2016-11-30", "Please switch to tf.summary.image. Note that "
"tf.summary.image uses the node name instead of the tag. "
"This means that TensorFlow will automatically de-duplicate summary "
"names based on the scope they are created in. Also, the max_images "
"argument was renamed to max_outputs.")
def image_summary(tag, tensor, max_images=3, collections=None, name=None):
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
"""Outputs a `Summary` protocol buffer with images.
For an explanation of why this op was deprecated, and information on how to
migrate, look
['here'](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/contrib/deprecated/__init__.py)
The summary has up to `max_images` summary values containing images. The
images are built from `tensor` which must be 4-D with shape `[batch_size,
height, width, channels]` and where `channels` can be:
* 1: `tensor` is interpreted as Grayscale.
* 3: `tensor` is interpreted as RGB.
* 4: `tensor` is interpreted as RGBA.
The images have the same number of channels as the input tensor. For float
input, the values are normalized one image at a time to fit in the range
`[0, 255]`. `uint8` values are unchanged. The op uses two different
normalization algorithms:
* If the input values are all positive, they are rescaled so the largest one
is 255.
* If any input value is negative, the values are shifted so input value 0.0
is at 127. They are then rescaled so that either the smallest value is 0,
or the largest one is 255.
The `tag` argument is a scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. It is used to
build the `tag` of the summary values:
* If `max_images` is 1, the summary value tag is '*tag*/image'.
* If `max_images` is greater than 1, the summary value tags are
generated sequentially as '*tag*/image/0', '*tag*/image/1', etc.
Args:
tag: A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. Used to build the `tag` of the
summary values.
tensor: A 4-D `uint8` or `float32` `Tensor` of shape `[batch_size, height,
width, channels]` where `channels` is 1, 3, or 4.
max_images: Max number of batch elements to generate images for.
collections: Optional list of ops.GraphKeys. The collections to add the
summary to. Defaults to [ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. The serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "ImageSummary", [tag, tensor]) as scope:
val = gen_logging_ops.image_summary(
tag=tag, tensor=tensor, max_images=max_images, name=scope)
_Collect(val, collections, [ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES])
return val
@deprecated(
"2016-11-30", "Please switch to tf.summary.audio. Note that "
"tf.summary.audio uses the node name instead of the tag. "
"This means that TensorFlow will automatically de-duplicate summary "
"names based on the scope they are created in.")
def audio_summary(tag,
tensor,
sample_rate,
max_outputs=3,
collections=None,
name=None):
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
"""Outputs a `Summary` protocol buffer with audio.
This op is deprecated. Please switch to tf.summary.audio.
For an explanation of why this op was deprecated, and information on how to
migrate, look
['here'](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/contrib/deprecated/__init__.py)
The summary has up to `max_outputs` summary values containing audio. The
audio is built from `tensor` which must be 3-D with shape `[batch_size,
frames, channels]` or 2-D with shape `[batch_size, frames]`. The values are
assumed to be in the range of `[-1.0, 1.0]` with a sample rate of
`sample_rate`.
The `tag` argument is a scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. It is used to
build the `tag` of the summary values:
* If `max_outputs` is 1, the summary value tag is '*tag*/audio'.
* If `max_outputs` is greater than 1, the summary value tags are
generated sequentially as '*tag*/audio/0', '*tag*/audio/1', etc.
Args:
tag: A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. Used to build the `tag` of the
summary values.
tensor: A 3-D `float32` `Tensor` of shape `[batch_size, frames, channels]`
or a 2-D `float32` `Tensor` of shape `[batch_size, frames]`.
sample_rate: A Scalar `float32` `Tensor` indicating the sample rate of the
signal in hertz.
max_outputs: Max number of batch elements to generate audio for.
collections: Optional list of ops.GraphKeys. The collections to add the
summary to. Defaults to [ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. The serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "AudioSummary", [tag, tensor]) as scope:
sample_rate = ops.convert_to_tensor(
sample_rate, dtype=dtypes.float32, name="sample_rate")
val = gen_logging_ops.audio_summary_v2(
tag=tag,
tensor=tensor,
max_outputs=max_outputs,
sample_rate=sample_rate,
name=scope)
_Collect(val, collections, [ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES])
return val
@deprecated("2016-11-30", "Please switch to tf.summary.merge.")
def merge_summary(inputs, collections=None, name=None):
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
"""Merges summaries.
This op is deprecated. Please switch to tf.compat.v1.summary.merge, which has
identical
behavior.
This op creates a
[`Summary`](https://www.tensorflow.org/code/tensorflow/core/framework/summary.proto)
protocol buffer that contains the union of all the values in the input
summaries.
When the Op is run, it reports an `InvalidArgument` error if multiple values
in the summaries to merge use the same tag.
Args:
inputs: A list of `string` `Tensor` objects containing serialized `Summary`
protocol buffers.
collections: Optional list of graph collections keys. The new summary op is
added to these collections. Defaults to `[GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. The serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer resulting from the merging.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "MergeSummary", inputs):
val = gen_logging_ops.merge_summary(inputs=inputs, name=name)
_Collect(val, collections, [])
return val
@deprecated("2016-11-30", "Please switch to tf.summary.merge_all.")
def merge_all_summaries(key=ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES):
"""Merges all summaries collected in the default graph.
This op is deprecated. Please switch to tf.compat.v1.summary.merge_all, which
has
identical behavior.
Args:
key: `GraphKey` used to collect the summaries. Defaults to
`GraphKeys.SUMMARIES`.
Returns:
If no summaries were collected, returns None. Otherwise returns a scalar
`Tensor` of type `string` containing the serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer resulting from the merging.
"""
summary_ops = ops.get_collection(key)
if not summary_ops:
return None
else:
return merge_summary(summary_ops)
def get_summary_op():
"""Returns a single Summary op that would run all summaries.
Either existing one from `SUMMARY_OP` collection or merges all existing
summaries.
Returns:
If no summaries were collected, returns None. Otherwise returns a scalar
`Tensor` of type `string` containing the serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer resulting from the merging.
"""
summary_op = ops.get_collection(ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARY_OP)
if summary_op is not None:
if summary_op:
summary_op = summary_op[0]
else:
summary_op = None
if summary_op is None:
summary_op = merge_all_summaries()
if summary_op is not None:
ops.add_to_collection(ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARY_OP, summary_op)
return summary_op
@deprecated(
"2016-11-30", "Please switch to tf.summary.scalar. Note that "
"tf.summary.scalar uses the node name instead of the tag. "
"This means that TensorFlow will automatically de-duplicate summary "
"names based on the scope they are created in. Also, passing a "
"tensor or list of tags to a scalar summary op is no longer "
"supported.")
def scalar_summary(tags, values, collections=None, name=None):
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
"""Outputs a `Summary` protocol buffer with scalar values.
This ops is deprecated. Please switch to tf.summary.scalar.
For an explanation of why this op was deprecated, and information on how to
migrate, look
['here'](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/contrib/deprecated/__init__.py)
The input `tags` and `values` must have the same shape. The generated
summary has a summary value for each tag-value pair in `tags` and `values`.
Args:
tags: A `string` `Tensor`. Tags for the summaries.
values: A real numeric Tensor. Values for the summaries.
collections: Optional list of graph collections keys. The new summary op is
added to these collections. Defaults to `[GraphKeys.SUMMARIES]`.
name: A name for the operation (optional).
Returns:
A scalar `Tensor` of type `string`. The serialized `Summary` protocol
buffer.
"""
with ops.name_scope(name, "ScalarSummary", [tags, values]) as scope:
val = gen_logging_ops.scalar_summary(tags=tags, values=values, name=scope)
_Collect(val, collections, [ops.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES])
return val
ops.NotDifferentiable("HistogramSummary")
ops.NotDifferentiable("ImageSummary")
ops.NotDifferentiable("AudioSummary")
ops.NotDifferentiable("AudioSummaryV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("MergeSummary")
ops.NotDifferentiable("ScalarSummary")
ops.NotDifferentiable("TensorSummary")
ops.NotDifferentiable("TensorSummaryV2")
ops.NotDifferentiable("Timestamp")